Swedish defense manufacturer Saab revealed today that it has successfully trialed an artificial intelligence system that can pilot a Gripen E fighter jet in combat situations, marking the first publicly acknowledged instance of AI controlling a military aircraft in beyond visual range confrontations.
The evaluations took place from May 28 to June 3 within Swedish civilian airspace and concluded with an AI-operated Gripen E engaging in live combat simulations against a human pilot flying a Gripen D. These trials signify a key development in military aviation as countries compete to incorporate autonomous technologies into warfare.
AI Takes Control
The “Centaur” AI system developed by Helsing was fully integrated into the production-standard Gripen E, allowing it to carry out intricate maneuvers and assist the human pilot in determining when to engage targets. During the third flight on June 3, the AI operated independently, tracking targets using onboard sensors while adjusting to different speeds, distances, and scenarios, even with command and control connections disabled.
Antoine Bordes, Vice President of Artificial Intelligence at Helsing, informed reporters that the AI agent that flew last week had incurred approximately 50 years’ worth of experience equivalent to a human pilot, although it only took a few hours to accomplish that.
The evaluations were part of “Project Beyond,” which is fully financed by Sweden’s Defence Materiel Administration and is associated with the nation’s conceptual initiative for future fighter systems.
Evolving Combat Dynamics
These trials indicate that AI could soon rival human pilots in aerial combat. Saab’s Chief Innovation Officer, Marcus Wandt, stated that it is “not guaranteed” that human pilots will keep winning dogfights against aircraft supported by AI. “There are still pilots who will have a chance, but that is likely to change quickly,” he elaborated.
The design of the Gripen E permitted the AI software to function without restrictions to experimental aircraft or military testing areas, allowing for testing in civilian airspace. Peter Nilsson, who oversees Advanced Programmes at Saab’s Aeronautics Business Area, remarked that this integration “illustrates the accelerated capability enhancement achievable with our fighter.”
European Competition
These tests follow similar demonstrations in the U.S., including last year’s flight where former Air Force Secretary Frank Kendall piloted an AI-controlled F-16 at Edwards Air Force Base. The European tests highlight the intensifying competition in military AI development.
Founded in 2021 and valued at around €5 billion, Helsing has secured €761.5 million for the advancement of AI technologies in defense. Saab owns a 5 percent share in the German firm after investing €75 million in 2023.
Additional test flights are scheduled for later this year as the companies continue to evaluate flight data.